Renewables have overtaken coal globally. China is reorganizing its energy system at historic speed. Rare earth extraction is leaving visible scars across landscapes. The energy transition is accelerating, but who decides where its burdens fall? Land is being converted. Minerals are being extracted. Water is being withdrawn. Infrastructure is expanding. The question is no longer whether the transition will proceed, but whether the landscapes that sustain it are being deliberately designed — or altered one permit at a time.

Landscape conservation design offers a framework. Ecoregional Cooperatives offer a mechanism. The durability of the transition will depend on whether regions use them.